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The walls of the Thrane Hall glorify canonized kings
and their deeds.
Palace kitchen (top leftJ; Gratto with coloured lighting (bottom
left); Study (rightJ; Jewellery casket (below)
-Iannháuser-. Ludwig 11had written in a letter to Richard
Wagner in 1868 that his -New Castle- would contain
-rerninders- of these works. The foundation stone was
laid in September 1869, and the Gateway Building was
completed in 1873. This was where Ludwig 11first lived,
who was destined never to see his -New Castle- without
scaffolding. In 1884 his rooms in the Palas were ready
for occupation. A simplified version of the southern part
of the building, the -Bower- was only completed in
1891, and the keep with the chapel was never built.
memorative room, the Throne Hall, was only added in 1881,
when in his later years Ludwig 11also wanted a version of the
legendary Grail Hall corresponding to the description of medi-
eval poets, in order to glorify Christian kingship. This room is
however also a reference to his own dynasty. The room pro-
gramme, the most comprehensive and complicated of the
19th century, was designed by Ludwig 11himself, who was well
read and interested in many different areas. For structural rea-
sons it had a steel construction like a modern functional building,
which was encased in plaster. Each of the adjacent residential
rooms is dedicated to a saga. From 1880 a »cabinet- was
turned into a small artificial grotto, based on the Venus grotto
in -Tannháuser- with coloured electric lighting and a real waterfall.
ROOMS AND IDEALS
The main rooms of Neuschwanstein are decorated pri-
marily with murals of scenes from the Germanic and
Nordic sagas on which Richard Wagner had based
his works. The programme was designed by the art
and literary historian Hyazinth Holland. From the
outset Ludwig II wanted his -New Castle- to
have a larger and more magnificent ver-
sion of the Wartburg`s -Singers` Hall- as a
monument to the chivalric culture of the
Middle Ages. The final result was a combin-
ation of the motifs from two Wartburg halls,
the -Singers` Hall- and the -Festíval Hall«,
which however were not intended for perform-
ances or even festivals. The other com-
»NEUSCHWANSTEIN«
Although heavily in debt, Ludwig 11always wanted to go on
building. When the banks threatened to seize his prop-
erty, the government had him certified insane and
interned him in Berg Palace. Here, on 13 June 1886,
he died in Lake Starnberg. His -New Castle«, which
he now thought of not as the Wartburg but as the Grail
Castle, and which no outsider was ever allowed to
enter, was opened to the public from 1 August 1886.
It was only named Neuschwanstein after his death
and is one of the best-known and most frequently
visited and photographed buildings in the world.
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The Singers` Hall on the fourth floor of the cast/e
Neuschwanstein Castle
Photo of King Ludwig 11 (left); Mura/ of -St, George killing the
oragon- from the Throne Hall (right); Majo/ica swan (be/ow)
Neuschwanstein Castle was commenced by the Bavarian
King Ludwig 11 in 1868 and never completed. He saw it as
a monument to medieval culture and kingship, which he
revered and wanted to imitate. Built and furnished in
medieval styles but equipped with what at the time was
the latest technology, it is the most famous work of his-
toricism and the embodiment of German idealism.
One of the most famous castles in Germany, the Wartburg, had
been renovated and refurnished in 1867 and beca me a direct
model for Neuschwanstein. In the 19th century, building in histori-
cal styles meant -perfecting- them, also with the help of modern
technology and historical studies. As a thorough-going idealist,
Ludwig 11 clung to an already completely outdated belief in such
perfection.
FORMATIVE INFLUENCES ANO MODELS
The father of Ludwig 11, Maximilian 11, acquired the nearby
Hohenschwangau Castle, seat of the knights of Schwan-
gau in the Middle Ages, and rebuilt it from 1832 in the
Gothic style. Here Ludwig, who was born in 1845, de-
veloped a passion for the Middle Ages. He learned much
about the legends and history of the period from the
murals and through avid reading. From 1861 he was
decisively influenced by his encounter with the music
dramas of Richard Wagner, who heightened the
effect of the medieval sagas with incredibly
powerful music. Ludwig first saw -Lohengrin-
and -Tannháuser-. These were followed by
-Tristan und lsolde- and -Der Ring des Nibe-
lungen«, and Wagner`s adaptation of the
saga of the Grail King Parzival (»Parsifal«),
with whom Ludwig 11 identified in his later years
and with whom he was identified by Wagner.
BUILDING HISTORY
Ludwig 11 became king in 1864. Two years later he was forced
to accept the defeat and domination of his country by Prussia.
No longer a sovereign ruler, he was unable to cope with the
role of a constitutional monarch. He created his own alternative
world, in which as the reigning king of Bavaria he could live like
a king of the Middle Ages or the baroque age of absolutism.
This is the idea behind his castles. On a ridge in a magnificent
setting high above the Pollat Gorge with the mountains as a back-
drop he built his -New Castle- over the remains of two small
medieval castles familiar to him since his childhood (Vorder-
and Hinter-Hohenschwangaul. Ludwig 11 visited the Wart-
burg in 1867 and had his architect make drawings of
the ornamentation. The ideal designs were produced
by a scene painter from the Munich court opera
house and incorporated motifs not only from the Wart-
burg, in particular the Palas and building ornamenta-
tion, but also from stage sets for -Lohengrin- and
NEUSCHWANSTEIN CASTLE
TlCKET-CENTER HOHENSCHWANGAU:
Alpseestr. 12 . 87645 Hohenschwangau
Tel. +49 (0)8362 930830 . Fax +49 (0)8362 9308320
inlo@ticket-center-hohenschwangau.de
www.ticket-center-hohenschwangau.de
OPENING TIMES OF THE TICKET CENTRE
April- September: 8am - 5pm
October - March: 9am - 3 pm
TICKET RESERVATION
Entrancetickets are obtainable at the ticket centre in the village 01
Hohenschwangaubelow the castle. Tickets can be booked in advance
lor an additional charge. The time can only be changed or the ticket
cancelled up to two hours belore the start 01 the tour (also by phone).
SCHLOSSVERWALTUNG NEUSCHWANSTEIN
Neuschwansteinstr. 20 . 87645 Hohenschwangau
Tel. +49 (0)8362 939880 . Fax +49 (0)8362 9398819
svneuschwanstein@bsv.bayern.de . www.neuschwanstein.de
GUIDED TOURS
Guided tours 01 the palace (ea. 30 min.) in German or English or
with an audioguide in thirteen languages; special tours on request
to book their guided tour belorehand at the Ticket-Center; disabled
toilet near the castle
TRANSPORTATION
Train to Füssen . Bus (RVA)to -Hohenschwangau-: Horse-drawn
carriages to just below the castle; Chargeable parking places in
Hohenschwangau
Inlormation on all the property administered
by the Palace Department:
1m,. Bayerische Verwaltung der
~ staatlichen Schl6sser, Gárten und Seen
Postfach 20 20 63 . 80020 München
Tel. +49 (0)89 179080· Fax +49 (0)89 17908190
inlo@bsv.bayern.de . www.schloesser.bayern.de
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